Optometry Optometry is a health care discipline which has grown significantly with advanced educational programs and the adoption of new state laws for the use of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs in optometric care..The profession of examining the eyes, measuring vision and prescribing corrective lenses, diagnosing diseases of the eye and treating certain conditions that do not require license as a medical doctor.They are trained to diagnose, manage, and treat a multitude of visual and ocular health-related concerns, including, but not limited to, fitting and prescribing spectacles and contact lenses, treating minor ocular injuries, diagnosing and treating diseases such as glaucoma and diagnosing others such as diabetic retinopathy