Sociology Sociology is the study of the social world, and the behaviour of humans in a variety of situations.It examines the ways in which the forms of social structure groups, organizations, communities, social categories (such as class, sex, age, or race), and various social institutions (such as kinship, economic, political, or religious) affect human attitudes, actions, and opportunities.Sociology provides many distinctive perspectives on the world, generating new ideas and critiquing the old.